Creación de contenidos y materiales didácticos para Bachillerato como herramienta de promoción del Grado en Información y Documentación

Memoria ID-097. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Obtención de materiales cerámicos basados en ZnO-SnO2 por coprecipitación

[EN] Tin (IV)-doped zinc oxide ceramics find its main application as specific gas sensor devices. The sensor ability of the mixture and its particular affinity for a particular gas (selectivity) depends both on the crystalline phases in the microstructure of the sintered semiconductor and on the degree of tin incorporation into ZnO lattice. By means of a highly reactive coprecipitation method it is revealed that the range of solid solution of tin in zinc oxide stays below 0.1 mol % of SnO2 since higher concentrations lead to segregation of a secondary Zn2SnO4 spinel type-phase.[ES] Los materiales cerámicos basados en óxido de cinc dopado con estaño (IV) encuentran su principal aplicación como dispositivos sensores específicos de gases. La capacidad sensora de la mezcla de óxidos y su particular afinidad por un determinado gas específico (selectividad) es función directa de cuáles sean las fases cristalinas presentes en la microestructura del semiconductor sinterizado, así como del grado de incorporación del estaño en la red del ZnO. La obtención del polvo cerámico de partida por un método de coprecipitación altamente reactivo revela que el rango de solución sólida del estaño en el óxido de cinc se encuentra por debajo del 0.1 % en moles de SnO2; concentraciones superiores llevan a la segregación de una fase secundaria, Zn2SnO4, con estructura de tipo espinela.This work has been conducted within the CICYT MAT 2004-04843-C02-01 project. The authors would like to express its gratitude to the company INAEL S.A. (Toledo, Spain).Peer reviewe

Current–voltage characteristic behaviour of dense Zn2SnO4-ZnO ceramics

The present work deals with the electrical characterization of undoped Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) and SnO2-doped ZnO bulk ceramics in order to clarify the role played by the ZTO spinel type phase in the electrical response of these materials. For this purpose, SnO2-doped ZnO materials with SnO2 concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 mol% have been prepared by co-precipitation and undoped ZTO powders have been prepared by a classical mixing oxide procedure. ZTO materials with 90–92% of the theoretical density have been obtained and non-linear behaviour is observed for ZTO- and SnO2-doped ZnO materials. For SnO2-doped ZnO the appearance of non-linear I–V behaviour is mainly dominated by the formation of the ZTO phase and the interfaces associated to its presence. ZTO shows a NTC behaviour that is in disagreement with the PTC behaviour previously reported in the literature.Peer reviewe

Microstructural development of tin-doped ZnO bulk ceramics

The recent interest in room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors has led to an intense research in ZnO-based ceramics doped with different magnetic elements such as Mn, Co, Ni, etc. An improvement of the semiconductor behaviour of ZnO is also necessary to obtain good electrical properties and in this way tin oxide is expected to increase the electrical conductivity of bulk ZnO, as it is assumed to act as a doubly ionized donor. However, the range of solid solution of tin into ZnO lattice is found to be limited as it rapidly segregates to form secondary phases. Concentrations as low as 0.1 mol% of SnO2 lead to the formation of a spinel-type phase whose presence yields a non-linear electrical response that hinders the donor effect of tin oxide.Peer reviewe

β-Catenin activity induces an RNA biosynthesis program promoting therapy resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Understanding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the appearance of chemotherapy resistant cell populations is necessary to improve cancer treatment. We have now investigated the role of β-catenin/CTNNB1 in the evolution of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) patients and its involvement in therapy resistance. We have identified a specific gene signature that is directly regulated by β-catenin, TCF/LEF factors and ZBTB33/Kaiso in T-ALL cell lines, which is highly and significantly represented in five out of six refractory patients from a cohort of 40 children with T-ALL. By subsequent refinement of this gene signature, we found that a subset of β-catenin target genes involved with RNA-processing function are sufficient to segregate T-ALL refractory patients in three independent cohorts. We demonstrate the implication of β-catenin in RNA and protein synthesis in T-ALL and provide in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence that β-catenin is crucial for the cellular response to chemotherapy, mainly in the cellular recovery phase after treatment. We propose that combination treatments involving chemotherapy plus β-catenin inhibitors will enhance chemotherapy response and prevent disease relapse in T-ALL patients.This work has been funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (SAF2016-75613-R and PID2019-104695RB-I00), Fundación AECC (GC16173697BIGA) and WCR (13-0064). VGH, DA and TL are recipients of Sara Borrell fellowship from ISCIII co-funded by the ESF+ (CD21/00145), FPI (BES-2017-080880) and AECC fellowship (POSTD21975LOBO), respectively

Evaluaci?n y manejo cl?nico de las autolesiones en la adolescencia: protocolo basado en la evidencia

Las autolesiones se han convertido en un importante problema de salud p?blica en la adolescencia. El t?rmino autolesi?n o lesi?n autoinfligida, se ha definido como un acto llevado a cabo por una persona con el objetivo de hacerse da?o a s? mismo. Independientemente de las consecuencias que la autolesi?n pueda tener para la salud f?sica o mental, puede asociarse a distintos niveles de intencionalidad suicida. En el caso de que esta no existiera se denomina autolesi?n no suicida. El incremento de las autolesiones en la adolescencia ha sido progresivo en las ?ltimas d?cadas, con un incremento exponencial en los 10 ?ltimos a?os. Adem?s, en la actualidad se ha detectado un incremento notorio de las autolesiones en la poblaci?n adolescente, en parte, relacionado con el estr?s psicol?gico y distanciamiento social causado por la pandemia por COVID-19. El objetivo general de este documento es elaborar un documento basado en la evidencia cient?fica que permita favorecer una mejor evaluaci?n y manejo cl?nico de las autolesiones en la adolescencia. En la actualidad, las autolesiones constituyen un grave problema en la poblaci?n adolescente y, por ello, es relevante establecer los mecanismos que permitan su adecuada detecci?n y manejo cl?nico. El presente documento sintetiza la evidencia m?s relevante, as? como recoge las principales actuaciones en atenci?n primaria y atenci?n especializada, con el objetivo de guiar a los profesionales y favorecer la toma de decisiones compartida. Tambi?n se proponen indicadores para la monitorizaci?n de la pr?ctica cl?nica y se ha desarrollado un documento para adolescentes, familias y profesionales de la educaci?n. La investigaci?n futura deber? centrarse en evaluar la efectividad de las diferentes intervenciones y dise?ar nuevos enfoques preventivos y terap?uticos